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Diktat aus Genf

Vetomächte des UN-Sicherheitsrates entwerfen "Übergangsregierung" für Syrien. Ablehnung von Regierung und Opposition

Von Karin Leukefeld

Die Außenminister der Vetomächte des UN-Sicherheitsrats haben sich auf Schritte für einen friedlichen Übergangsprozeß in Syrien geeinigt. Bei dem Treffen am Samstag (30. Juni), zu dem der Syrien-Sonderbeauftragte der Vereinten Nationen und der Arabischen Liga, Kofi Annan, nach Genf eingeladen hatte, habe die »internationale Gemeinschaft ihre Zusammenarbeit auf eine stärkere Ebene« gehoben, sagte Annan bei der folgenden Pressekonferenz. Die Außenminister wiederholten ihre Forderung an alle Parteien, »sofort die bewaffnete Gewalt einzustellen und voll mit den UN-Beobachtern zusammenzuarbeiten, damit der Sechs-Punkte-Plan von Kofi Annan umgesetzt« werden könne. Keine Seite solle darauf warten, »daß die andere aktiv wird«, forderte Annan. Sein Plan sieht ein Ende der Gewalt, Zugang für humanitäre Hilfsorganisationen, die Freilassung von Gefangenen und den Beginn eines umfassenden politischen Dialogs vor. Außerdem sollen internationale Medien »ungehindert« im Land arbeiten können.

Die Vertreter der USA, Großbritanniens, Frankreichs, Rußlands und Chinas beschlossen in Genf Eckpunkte für eine »Übergangsregierung«, die aus »Vertretern der jetzigen Regierung, der Opposition und anderer Gruppen« gebildet werden solle. Der Prozeß müsse »von den Syrern geführt« werden. Offen blieb, welche Rolle Präsident Baschar Al-Assad spielen soll. Während die USA, Großbritannien und Frankreich dessen Rücktritt fordern, lehnen Rußland und China das ab.

Unter Berufung auf »westliche Diplomaten« hatte die libanesische Tageszeitung As Safir im Vorfeld des Genfer Treffens berichtet, daß weder eine »jemenitische« noch eine »libysche Lösung« für Syrien anstehe. Eher strebe der Westen eine »Vereinbarung wie in Dayton« (Bosnien-Herzegowina 1995) an, schreibt der Pariser Korrespondent der Zeitung, Mohammad Ballout. Alternative wäre eine Lösung wie nach dem Bürgerkrieg im Libanon, der 1989 nach 15 Jahren mit dem Taif-Abkommen beendet worden war. In beiden Fällen kam es zu einer ethnischen bzw. konfessionellen Machtteilung, die bis heute für Spannungen sorgt.

US-Außenministerin Hillary Clinton machte in Genf klar, daß Washington weiterhin auf dem Rückzug des syrischen Präsidenten beharrt. Rußland und China müßten »Assad die Zeichen der Zeit« erläutern, sagte sie. Er sei nicht »konsensfähig«. Ihr russischer Amtskollege Sergej Lawrow hält demgegenüber eine Amtsenthebung von Präsident Assad weiter nicht für erforderlich. Es gebe »kein Bestreben, dem syrischen Volk irgendeine Art des Übergangsprozesses aufzuerlegen«, wird Lawrow von der Nachrichtenagentur dapd zitiert.

Die Sprecherin des Syrischen Nationalrates (SNR), Basma Qadmani, sagte der französischen Nachrichtenagentur AFP, es gäbe »einige positive Elemente« in den Ergebnissen des Genfer Treffens. »Reales und sofortiges Handeln« blieben allerdings »vage«. Der frühere SNR-Präsident Burhan Ghalioum bezeichnete hingegen im saudischen Nachrichtensender Al-Arabiya die Vereinbarung von Genf als »schlimmste internationale Stellungnahme, die jemals bei Gesprächen über Syrien herausgekommen ist«. Auf der Facebookseite seiner Organisation sagte Ghalioun, es sei eine »Verhöhnung«, wenn die Syrer »mit ihren Henkern verhandeln« sollten.

Der ebenfalls dem SNR angehörende Zusammenschluß Lokaler Koordinationskomitees (LCC) sprach von einem »Scheitern« des Treffens. Die Vereinbarung entspreche »den Forderungen der russischen Führung, die mit dem Assad-Regime verbündet ist«.

Zeitgleich zu der Konferenz in Genf verbreitete die staatliche syrische Nachrichtenagentur SANA am Samstag Auszüge aus einem Interview Assads mit dem iranischen Fernsehen. Darin erteilte er jedem Modell, »das von außen kommt«, eine Absage, unabhängig von dessen Inhalt. »Niemand weiß, wie die Probleme in Syrien gelöst werden können, so gut wie die Syrer selbst«, so Assad.

Dieser Artikel erscheint am Montag, 2. Juli in "junge Welt"


Paris: In Genf getroffene Vereinbarungen legen Rücktritt von Assad nahe

Der französische Außenminister Laurent Fabius behauptet, dass die in Genf getroffene Vereinbarung zu Syrien die Amtsenthebung von Präsident Bashar al-Assad bedeutet, berichtet die Agentur Reuters.

„In der Vereinbarung heißt es, dass eine Übergangsregierung mit allen Vollmachten gebildet wird. Ihr wird Assad nicht angehören. Deshalb muss er gehen. Seine Zeit ist zu Ende“, sagte Fabius am Sonntag.

Seinen Worten nach wird Frankreich die Arbeit im UN-Sicherheitsrat mit dem Ziel fortsetzen, Damaskus mit Sanktionen für die Nichterfüllung des Plans des Syrien-Sondergesandten der Uno und der Arabischen Liga, Kofi Annan, zu drohen. Paris rechnet damit, die Erfüllung des Plans mit Kapitel 7 der UN-Charta zu junktimieren.

(Russische Nachrichtenagentur RIA Novosti, 1. Juli 2012


UN-backed Action Group agrees on measures for peaceful transition in Syria



30 June 2012 – The United Nations-backed Action Group on Syria today forged an agreement outlining the steps for a peaceful transition in the Middle Eastern country, while strongly condemning the continued and escalating violence that has taken place there over the past 16 months.

“Today the international community has taken its cooperation to a stronger level, by being clearer and more specific,” said Joint Special Envoy for the UN and the League of Arab States on Syria, Kofi Annan, in his remarks to the Group in Geneva. “They have laid out a path that we hope the Syrian people can embrace and work with.”

In a statement, the Group called for all parties to immediately re-commit to a sustained cessation of armed violence, to fully cooperate with UN monitors, and to implement the six-point plan put forward by Mr. Annan without waiting for the actions of others.

The six-point peace plan calls for an end to violence, access for humanitarian agencies to provide relief to those in need, the release of detainees, the start of inclusive political dialogue, and unrestricted access to the country for the international media.

The Group also agreed on a set of principles and guidelines for a Syrian-led transition that meets the aspirations of the Syrian people, which includes the establishment of a transitional governing body that would exercise full executive powers and that would be made up by members of the present Government and the opposition and other groups.

“We are determined to work urgently and intensively to bring about an end to the violence and human rights abuses and the launch of a Syrian-led political process leading to a transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people and enables them independently and democratically to determine their own future,” Mr. Annan stressed, adding that for the transition to be successful “there must be a commitment to accountability and national reconciliation.”

Mr. Annan emphasized that the conflict must be resolved through peaceful dialogue and negotiation alone, noting that Action Group members are “opposed to any further militarization of the conflict.”

The Group, also agreed on actions that they would take to implement the steps and measures outlined in the statement, and to support Mr. Annan's work in bringing the relevant parties together.

“The Action Group members will engage as appropriate, and apply joint and sustained pressure on, the parties in Syria to implement what we have discussed,” Mr. Annan said. “The hard work starts now. We must work together to implement what has been agreed. We cannot do this alone. I hope all in Syria will embrace what has been laid out here and work with us to stop the killing and build a better future,” he added.

The UN estimates that more than 10,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed in Syria and tens of thousands displaced since the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began 16 months ago.

Action Group members include Secretaries-General of the United Nations and the League of Arab States, Ban Ki-moon and Nabil Elaraby, respectively, the Foreign Ministers of the five permanent members of the Security Council – China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America – as well as the Turkish Foreign Minister, the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the Foreign Ministers of Iraq, as Chair of the Summit of the League of Arab States; Kuwait, as Chair of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the League of Arab States and Qatar, as Chair of the Follow-up Committee on Syria of the League of Arab States.

Source: UN News Centre, 30 June 2012; http://www.un.org

Dokumentiert: Die Rede von Kofi Annan

Concluding remarks by Joint Special Envoy Kofi Annan at the Meeting of Action Group on Syria

Geneva, 30 June 2012

Ladies and Gentlemen,

I called this meeting in Geneva at this critical stage in the crisis to bring the international community and the countries with influence together – to take concrete action.

We came here to reach a serious agreement on how we could help Syria at this grim and brutal time. We have just issued a communiqué. It is long and detailed, but the messages are clear.

Everyone here is gravely alarmed at the situation in Syria. We strongly condemn the continued and escalating killing, destruction and human rights abuses.

Today the international community has taken its cooperation to a stronger level, by being clearer and more specific. They have laid out a path that we hope the Syrian people can embrace and work with. And they have given me their support in my difficult task as Joint Special Envoy.

We are determined to work urgently and intensively to bring about an end to the violence and human rights abuses and the launch of a Syrian-led political process leading to a transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people and enables them independently and democratically to determine their own future.

First, all parties must re-commit to a sustained cessation of armed violence and implementation of the six-point plan immediately and without waiting for the actions of others. The government and armed opposition groups must cooperate with UNSMIS, that is the UN monitors, on this.

The Government must provide access to and release detainees, allow journalists to enter and move freely, and respect the right to demonstrate peacefully. Full humanitarian access must be ensured.

Second, we have agreed on a set of 'Principles and Guide-lines on a Syrian-led transition' that any political settlement should deliver to the people of Syria.

We have offered a perspective for the future that can be shared by all in Syria – a genuinely democratic and pluralistic state, with free and fair elections, full respect for human rights and the rule of law, equal access to opportunities for all, and assurances that the rights of smaller communities will be respected.

This requires clear, irreversible steps in the transition according to a fixed time frame.

The key steps in any transition include the establishment of a transitional governing body which can establish a neutral environment in which the transition can take place. That means that the transitional governing body would exercise full executive powers. The transitional governing body could include members of the present government and the opposition and other groups, and should be formed on the basis of mutual consent.

It is for the Syrian people to determine the future of the country. All groups and segments of society must be enabled to participate in an inclusive National Dialogue process, whose key outcomes must be implemented. Women must be fully represented in all aspects.

On this basis, the constitutional order and legal system can be reviewed, and the result of constitutional drafting would be subject to popular approval, after which there must be free and fair multi-party elections.

A transition must be implemented in a climate of safety for all, stability and calm, including completion of withdrawals and the disarming, demobilization and reintegration of armed groups.

There must be continuity of governmental institutions and qualified staff. The public services must be preserved or restored. This includes the military forces and security services.

However, all governmental institutions, including the intelligence services, have to perform according to human rights and professional standards, and operate under a top leadership that inspires public confidence, under the control of the transitional governing body.

There must be a commitment to accountability and national reconciliation.

It is for the people of Syria to come to a political agreement, but time is running out. We need rapid steps to reach agreement.

The conflict must be resolved through peaceful dialogue and negotiation alone. Conditions conducive to a political settlement must now be put in place.

The bloodshed must end, and the parties must be prepared to put forward effective interlocutors to work with me towards a Syrian-led settlement.

The international community is ready to offer significant support for the implementation of an agreement reached by the parties.

The Action Group members will engage as appropriate, and apply joint and sustained pressure on, the parties in Syria to implement what we have discussed. And they are opposed to any further militarization of the conflict.

They will support me fully as I immediately engage the Government and opposition, and consult widely with Syrian society, as well as other international actors, to further develop the way forward. I will work very closely with them and keep the United Nations and the League of Arab States informed.

The Action Group has pledged action, and they are sending a message of determination and hope. But today’s words must not become tomorrow’s disappointments. The hard work starts now. We must work together to implement what has been agreed. We cannot do this alone. I hope all in Syria will embrace what has been laid out here and work with us to stop the killing and build a better future.

Thank you.

Source: UN News Centre, 30 June 2012; http://www.un.org




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